War had literally been declared on Jamaica by the criminal elements in the period just before May 24, 2010 when the security forces conducted what they said was a necessary operation in Tivoli Gardens, Kingston.
Many Jamaicans will remember that before the May 24, 2010 operation, personnel at the Denham Town Police Station were attacked by gunmen, that heavily armed criminals from across Jamaica had assembled in Tivoli; that these criminals had barricaded and fortified Tivoli Gardens; that women had marched dressed in immaculate white clothes stating emphatically that they would die for their leader Christopher ‘Dudus’ Coke, that the Darling Street and Hanna Town police stations had been razed and that two police officers were brutally slain on Sunday May 23 on Mountain View Avenue in St Andrew Eastern.
The aftermath of the security forces operation saw over 60 people being killed and, after sometime, Coke was eventually captured and then extradited to the United States to stand trial on a number of charges. He was found guilty and is now serving time in a US prison.
A Commission of Enquiry headed by former Barbados Attorney General Sir David Simmons, with Professor Anthony Harriott and retired Supreme Court Justice Hazel Harris as the other two commissioners, was established to assess events leading to events during the security forces’ operation, events after the operation, and to make recommendations. The commissioners heard testimony from victims, the police, the army, various specialists, and in the end made three major recommendations: one — that an apology be made to the Tivoli Gardens community; two — special payments be made to affected members of Tivoli Gardens; and three — that known garrisons be de-garrisoned over time.