Elijah McClain Died Due To Sedative And Restraint, Amended Autopsy Says

Elijah McClain’s death remains list­ed as unde­ter­mined, not a homicide.

A Black man died after a police encounter in a Denver sub­urb in 2019 because he was inject­ed with a pow­er­ful seda­tive after being forcibly restrained, accord­ing to an amend­ed autop­sy report pub­licly released Friday.
https://​mike​beck​les​.com/​y​o​u​r​e​-​a​-​b​l​a​c​k​-​m​a​n​-​i​n​-​a​m​e​r​i​c​a​-​l​a​s​-​v​e​g​a​s​-​j​u​d​g​e​-​b​e​c​o​m​e​s​-​t​a​r​g​e​t​-​o​f​-​p​o​l​i​c​e​-​u​n​i​o​n​-​f​o​r​-​t​e​l​l​i​n​g​-​m​a​n​-​t​o​-​s​t​a​y​-​a​w​a​y​-​f​r​o​m​-​c​o​ps/

Despite the find­ing, the death of Elijah McClain, a 23-year-old mas­sage ther­a­pist, was still list­ed as unde­ter­mined, not a homi­cide, the report shows. McClain was put in a neck hold and inject­ed with ket­a­mine after being stopped by police in Aurora for “being sus­pi­cious.” He was unarmed.

The orig­i­nal autop­sy report writ­ten soon after his death in August 2019 did not con­clude about how he died or what type of death it was, such as if it was nat­ur­al, acci­den­tal or a homi­cide. That was a major rea­son why pros­e­cu­tors ini­tial­ly decid­ed not to pur­sue charges.

A makeshift memo­r­i­al stands at a site across the street from where Elijah McClain was stopped by Aurora, Colo., Police Department offi­cers while walk­ing home, before fam­i­ly mem­bers hold a news con­fer­ence, Friday, July 3, 2020, in Aurora, Colo. (AP Photo/​David Zalubowski, File)

But a state grand jury last year indict­ed three offi­cers and two para­medics on manslaugh­ter and reck­less homi­cide charges in McClain’s death after the case drew renewed atten­tion fol­low­ing the killing of George Floyd in 2020. It became a ral­ly­ing cry dur­ing the nation­al reck­on­ing over racism and police brutality.

The five accused have not yet entered pleas and their lawyers have not com­ment­ed pub­licly on the charges.

In the updat­ed report, com­plet­ed in July 2021, Dr. Stephen Cina, a pathol­o­gist, con­clud­ed that the ket­a­mine dosage giv­en to McClain, which was high­er than rec­om­mend­ed for some­one his size, “was too much for this indi­vid­ual and it result­ed in an over­dose, even though his blood ket­a­mine lev­el was con­sis­tent with a ‘ther­a­peu­tic’ blood concentration.”
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He said he could not rule out that changes in McClain’s blood chem­istry, like an increase in lac­tic acid, due to his exer­tion while being restrained by police con­tributed to his death but con­clud­ed there was no evi­dence that injuries inflict­ed by police caused his death.

I believe that Mr. McClain would most like­ly be alive but for the admin­is­tra­tion of ket­a­mine,” said Cina, who not­ed that body cam­era footage shows McClain becom­ing “extreme­ly sedat­ed” with­in a few min­utes of being giv­en the drug.

Cina acknowl­edged that oth­er rea­son­able pathol­o­gists with dif­fer­ent expe­ri­ence and train­ing may have labeled such a death, while in police cus­tody, as a homi­cide or acci­dent, but that he believes the appro­pri­ate clas­si­fi­ca­tion is undetermined.

Qusair Mohamedbhai, attor­ney for McClain’s moth­er, Sheneen McClain, declined a request for comment.

Dr. Carl Wigren, a foren­sic pathol­o­gist in Washington state, ques­tioned the report’s focus on ket­a­mine, say­ing all the avail­able evi­dence — includ­ing a high­ly crit­i­cal inde­pen­dent review of McClain’s death com­mis­sioned by Aurora last year — point to McClain dying as a result of com­pres­sion­al asphyx­ia, a type of suf­fo­ca­tion, from offi­cers putting pres­sure on his body while restrain­ing him.

He was struck by one pas­sage in the city’s review cit­ing the ambu­lance company’s report that its crew found McClain lying on the ground on his stom­ach, his arms hand­cuffed behind his back, his tor­so and legs held down, with at least three offi­cers on top of him.

That scene was not cap­tured on body cam­era footage, the report said, but much of what hap­pened between police was not because the offi­cers’ cam­eras came off soon after McClain was approached. The cam­eras did con­tin­ue to record where they fell and cap­tured peo­ple talking.

Demonstrators move along Interstate 225 after stop­ping traf­fic dur­ing a ral­ly and march over the death of 23-year-old Elijah McClain, Saturday, June 27, 2020, in Aurora, Colo. (AP Photo/​David Zalubowski, File)

Just because McClain, who said he couldn’t breathe, could be heard mak­ing some state­ments on the footage, does not mean he was able to ful­ly breathe, Wigren said. Ketamine, which slows breath­ing, could have just exac­er­bat­ed McClain’s con­di­tion, but Wigren does not think it caused his death.

However, anoth­er pathol­o­gist, Dr. Deborah G. Johnson of Colorado, said McClain’s quick reac­tion to ket­a­mine sug­gests that it was a cause of McClain’s death, but she said its use can­not be sep­a­rat­ed from the impact that the police restraint may have had. McClain may have had trou­ble breath­ing because of the restraint and hav­ing less oxy­gen in your sys­tem would make the seda­tive take effect more quick­ly, she said.
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Both thought the death could have been labeled as a homi­cide — a death caused by the actions of oth­er peo­ple — which they point­ed out is a sep­a­rate judg­ment from decid­ing whether some­one should be pros­e­cut­ed with a crime for caus­ing it.

McClain got an over­dose of ket­a­mine, Johnson said, not­ing that the para­medics were work­ing at night when it is hard to judge someone’s weight.

Was that a mis­take to send some­one to prison for? I don’t think so,” she said.

The updat­ed autop­sy was released Friday under a court order in a law­suit brought by Colorado Public Radio, joined by oth­er media orga­ni­za­tions includ­ing The Associated Press. Colorado Public Radio sued the coro­ner to release the report after learn­ing it had been updat­ed, argu­ing that it should be made avail­able under the state’s pub­lic records law.
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Coroner Monica Broncucia-Jordan said she could not release it because it con­tained con­fi­den­tial grand jury infor­ma­tion and that releas­ing it would vio­late the oath she made not to share it when she obtained it last year.

But Adams County District Judge Kyle Seedorf ordered the coro­ner to release the updat­ed report by Friday, and a Denver judge who over­sees state grand jury pro­ceed­ings, Christopher Baumann, ruled Thursday that grand jury infor­ma­tion did not have to be redact­ed from the updat­ed report.

Cina not­ed that the report was updat­ed based on exten­sive body cam­era footage, wit­ness state­ments and records that he did not have at the time of the orig­i­nal autop­sy report, which were not made avail­able to the coroner’s office at all or in their entire­ty before. Last year, Cina and Broncucia-Jordan received some mate­r­i­al that was made avail­able to the grand jury last year, accord­ing to court doc­u­ments, but they did not say what exact­ly that mate­r­i­al was.

McClain’s death fueled renewed scruti­ny about the use of ket­a­mine and led Colorado’s health depart­ment to issue a new rule lim­it­ing when emer­gency work­ers can use it.
https://​mike​beck​les​.com/​t​h​r​e​e​-​w​h​i​t​e​-​c​o​p​s​-​f​i​r​e​d​-​f​o​r​-​m​o​c​k​i​n​g​-​t​h​e​-​b​l​a​c​k​-​m​a​n​-​t​h​e​i​r​-​c​o​l​l​e​a​g​u​e​s​-​k​i​l​l​ed/

Last year, the city of Aurora agreed to pay $15 mil­lion to set­tle a law­suit brought by McClain’s par­ents. The law­suit alleged the force offi­cers used against McClain and his strug­gle to sur­vive it dra­mat­i­cal­ly increased the amount of lac­tic acid in his sys­tem, lead­ing to his death, pos­si­bly along with the large dose of ket­a­mine he was given.

The out­side inves­ti­ga­tion com­mis­sioned by the city fault­ed the police probe into McClain’s arrest for not press­ing for answers about how offi­cers treat­ed him. It found there was no evi­dence jus­ti­fy­ing offi­cers’ deci­sion to stop McClain, who had been report­ed as sus­pi­cious because he was wear­ing a ski mask as he walked down the street wav­ing his hands. He was not accused of break­ing any law. https://​mike​beck​les​.com/​j​u​d​g​e​-​f​i​n​d​s​-​s​u​f​f​i​c​i​e​n​t​-​e​v​i​d​e​n​c​e​-​t​o​-​c​o​n​t​i​n​u​e​-​e​l​i​j​a​h​-​m​c​c​l​a​i​n​-​c​a​se/

Police reform activist Candice Bailey had mixed emo­tions about see­ing the amend­ed autopsy.

I do believe that it does get us a step clos­er to any­thing that is a sem­blance of jus­tice,” said Bailey, an activist in the city of Aurora who has led demon­stra­tions over the death of McClain.

But Bailey added that she is “extreme­ly sad­dened that there is still a con­tro­ver­sy around whether or not the EMTs and offi­cers should be held respon­si­ble for what they did, and as to whether or not this was actu­al­ly murder.”