Coral Gardens Led To Tivoli Gardens, Which Will Lead To Armageddon…

Say what you want about some of the deci­sions around the peri­od right about the time we gained our inde­pen­dence, but I love them. You know ..say about Bustamante’s deci­sion to tell the Police to bring in the Rasta’s dead or alive.“
The revi­sion­ist his­to­ri­ans all write in glow­ing terms, the strug­gles of the “Rastas” lead­ing up to the Coral Gardens inci­dent in which Rastafarians end­ing up in a con­fronta­tion with the police in a strug­gle between the State and anarchy.

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One of the things which made me an eter­nal skep­tic as it relates to how some of these sto­ries are told is the fact that I lived in Jamaica for 31 years.
That expe­ri­ence gave me a pret­ty good idea how to read between the lines rather than read what’s writ­ten on them some­times.
I damn sure was not around dur­ing the Coral Gardens inci­dent but hav­ing looked at the inci­dent across sev­er­al accounts, I real­ized that the pre­vail­ing nar­ra­tive has been a san­i­tized ver­sion which has not only result­ed in the Holness Administration apol­o­giz­ing to Rastas and giv­ing them a (M$10) resti­tu­tion as they did in Tivoli Gardens, but end­ed up shap­ing the direc­tion and atti­tudes of the coun­try to present day.

Regardless of who writes the nar­ra­tive, the sto­ry is the same. The gen­er­al slant is writ­ten in a way that makes it impos­si­ble not to be sup­port­ive are at least empa­thet­ic, when the entire text is excul­pa­to­ry of the Rastafarians with all incrim­i­nat­ing evi­dence and the rea­sons for Bustamante’s orders left out.
Here is what I mean .….….….….

BAD FRIDAY inau­gu­rates the first in depth account of Jamaica’s own Easter Rising — in any medi­um. When, at Easter 1963, Rastafarians rose up at Coral Gardens, on what was once part of the infa­mous Rose Hall plan­ta­tion, they were seek­ing to avenge them­selves against a ‘Babylonian’ sys­tem of ram­pant social injus­tice. By bring­ing to us the poignant tes­ti­mo­ny of the men and women who wit­nessed and whose lives were for­ev­er scarred by these events, Bad Friday oblig­es us to con­front the shock­ing lev­el of state vio­lence that was unleashed against not only the indi­vid­u­als involved, but also against the entire Rastafarian com­mu­ni­ty of Jamaica, most par­tic­u­lar­ly in the parish of St. James where the ris­ing occurred. And like the slave ris­ings of an ear­li­er time, absolute­ly no mer­cy was shown by the régime in pow­er. How iron­ic it was that the events and their vio­lent after­math should have occurred in the very first year of the new post­colo­nial Jamaica. In this sense, Coral Gardens was an omen, if one was need­ed, that things were going to go bad­ly in the Afro-slave yard in Jamaica. Now, thanks to this evoca­tive film, we are able to appre­ci­ate the full hor­ror of the events from that dis­tant time and what they por­tend­ed. I salute and con­grat­u­late every­one involved in the mak­ing of this redemp­tive and tru­ly valu­able work of his­tor­i­cal mem­o­ry.”
- Robert A. Hill, University of California, Los Angeles.

Notice the same tropes char­ac­ter­iz­ing the event, writ­ten by peo­ple who have their own ideas of how the nar­ra­tive is to be shaped?
Enveloping the nar­ra­tive in broad­er cov­er­age of oppres­sion and social injus­tice, they knew quite well that peo­ple of col­or and black peo­ple, in par­tic­u­lar, would be hard pressed not to find com­mon cause with the Rastafarians ref­er­enced in this accounting.

It was fifty years ago April 11, 1963 when the Jamaican state used an alter­ca­tion at Coral Gardens on the out­skirts of Montego Bay, Jamaica to mount a vio­lent cam­paign against the Rastafarian com­mu­ni­ty in Western Jamaica. This events of April 21963 involved a group of Rastafarians and at the end of the inci­dent, eight were killed and two police­men per­ished in the inci­dent. The brethren had claimed free­dom of move­ment for them­selves and for oth­er oppressed Jamaicans. They were being pre­vent­ed from walk­ing along the areas of the Coast close to the Half Moon Bay Hotel. These areas were being seg­re­gat­ed in order to make the Montego Bay area ready for inter­na­tion­al invest­ments in tourism.
This writer vivid­ly remem­bers that events of April 1963 because it was the same day we interred the remains of my younger sis­ter who had joined the ances­tors. We lived in an area where we knew broth­ers and sis­ters. We also knew Rastas from the dif­fer­ent work­ing-class com­mu­ni­ties across Montego Bay and its envi­rons. That week­end is now known among free­dom-lov­ing Caribbean per­sons as the week­end of Bad Friday. The con­ti­nu­ities from that peri­od of repres­sion are to be found in many areas of the social life of Jamaica and the Caribbean. The chil­dren of the class forces that orches­trat­ed that repres­sion has now aligned with nation­al­ists and even for­mer Rastas who are the con­duits for the exploita­tion of the peo­ple.

Horace Campbell is Professor of African American Studies and Political Science at Syracuse University. His recent book is Global NATO and the Catastrophic Failure in Libya. He is the author of: Rasta and Resistance From Marcus Garvey to Walter Rodney; Reclaiming Zimbabwe: The Exhaustion of the Patriarchal Model of Liberation; Pan Africanism, Pan Africanists and African Liberation in the 21st Century; and Barack Obama and 21st Century Politics. Follow on Twitter @Horace_Campbell.

I cit­ed just two exam­ples of writ­ings in which the writ­ers have latched onto Rastafarian vic­tim­hood. In both exam­ples, the writ­ers decid­ed on shap­ing the nar­ra­tive them­selves, instead of telling the sto­ries and allow­ing the facts to dic­tate the essence of the events as they occurred.
They co-opt­ed the san­i­tized ver­sion of events which Jamaica’s pseu­do-intel­lec­tu­als have scrubbed and repack­aged and sold, not just to Jamaicans, but to out­siders, in a mad rush to embrace Rastafarianism.
For those unable to under­stand why, look no fur­ther than the late Robert Nesta Marley, Jamaica’s Rastafarian Reggae artiste who brought inter­na­tion­al musi­cal acclaim to the Island.
Marley is wor­shiped as a lit­er­al God, in some cir­cles. If Marley and oth­ers like him were to be can­on­ized for pos­ter­i­ty, their Rastafarian faith also had to be scrubbed of it’s enti­tled and vio­lent past.

Here are some facts which they just failed to incor­po­rate into the sto­ry which once under­stood, not only cast a dif­fer­ent light on those events but makes Andrew Holness’ apol­o­gy that much more galling and rep­re­hen­si­ble.
By the late 1950s, a group of Rastafarians had begun to attract atten­tion from over­seas with the vis­it of mem­bers of the USA-based First Africa Corps who joined the Claudius Henry-led mil­i­tants at a camp in Red Hills.
In April of 1960, the police car­ried out a raid on the camp, arrest­ing Henry and seized a num­ber of weapons.
Henry and a hand­ful of the group’s mem­ber­ship were charged with trea­son.
 Rudolph Franklin, a Cornwall College grad­u­ate who had embraced the Rastafarian faith, became embroiled in a land dis­pute with the Kerr-Jarrett fam­i­ly in west­ern Jamaica.
Franklin was report­ed­ly farm­ing ille­gal­ly (cap­ture land, squat­ting)on lands in the Tryall area. From the reports, the landown­ers had engaged the ser­vices of the police to remove the ille­gal squatting/​farming on their land and, dur­ing an alter­ca­tion with one of the police offi­cers, Franklin was shot five times and left for dead in a church­yard.
His body was lat­er dis­cov­ered by school­child­ren and removed to a local hos­pi­tal where he was treat­ed, but on his release, he was charged with pos­ses­sion of gan­ja. Franklin was sen­tenced to six months in prison and, accord­ing to those who knew him, he was an embit­tered per­son when he was released in ear­ly 1963.

Rudolph Franklin (the mil­i­tant leader of the Rasta group) set the Ken Douglas Shell ser­vice sta­tion on fire), Lloyd Waldron and Noël Bowen (all Rastafarians), two police­men, Corporal Clifford Melbourne and Inspector Bertie Scott and three oth­er civil­ians died in the Coral Gardens event.
Prime Minister Sir Alexander Bustamante vis­it­ed the parish along with the com­mis­sion­er of police and head of the Jamaica Defence Force. Bustamante is report­ed to have declared, “Bring in all Rastas, dead or alive…“
Damn right mis­ter Prime Minister!
Police from neigh­bor­ing parish­es were dis­patched to Coral Gardens and Rastafarians, were round­ed up and arrest­ed.
two of Franklin’s accom­plices, Carlton Bowen and Clinton Larmond, were charged with mur­der and went on tri­al in July 1964. They were found guilty and sen­tenced to hang fol­low­ing a month-long tri­al presided over by Justice Ronald Small, father of cur­rent Queen’s Counsel Hugh Small. Bowen and Larmond were hanged on December 2, 1964.

Alexander Bustamante under­stood the threat posed to the coun­try by the insur­gent Rastafarian move­ment which had incor­po­rat­ed for­eign ele­ments into our coun­try and was, in fact, stock­pil­ing arms in their camp in Red Hills and oth­er places as far back as the ear­ly 1960s.
Andrew Holness, with the bless­ings of the inept and cor­rupt People’s National Party(PNP) , has con­verse­ly apol­o­gized for vio­lent felons who basi­cal­ly com­mit­ted trea­son against their coun­try and killed inno­cent police offi­cers. Additionally, Holness and his cabal of elites includ­ing those in the Opposition PNP has wrought incred­i­ble harm to our coun­try not just through their mis­treat­ment of our police but by their cod­dling of crim­i­nals.
To add insult to injury Rastafarians and their off­springs have been paid with the tax dol­lars of serv­ing police offi­cers, while the off­springs of Corporal Clifford Melbourne and Inspector Bertie Scott receives noth­ing.
What the Government did in cahoots with the Opposition par­ty is col­lude to spit on the graves of those two heroes., A sim­i­lar sequence of events replayed itself in Tivoli Gardens. Again both polit­i­cal par­ties, and it was Déjà vu. They repeat­ed exact­ly what they did at Coral Gardens.
Ask your­selves then, why would crim­i­nals of all stripes not kill police offi­cers, burn police sta­tions, dis­obey laws, and do what­ev­er they please, know­ing that the nation will apol­o­gize to them for law enforce­ment both­er­ing them?[sic]
Sooner or lat­er there will be a pay­day down the road, entire com­mu­ni­ties are aware of that.
That is the essence of Jamaica.

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